Search results for "Amphetamine-Related Disorders"
showing 7 items of 7 documents
Detection of 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Amphetamine-Type Stimulants in Oral Fluid Using the Rapid Stat Point-of-Collection Drug-Testing Device
2010
The Rapid Stat assay, a point-of-collection drug-testing device for detection of amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, methadone, and benzodiazepines in oral fluid, was evaluated for cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants. The Rapid Stat tests (n = 134) were applied by police officers in routine traffic checks. Oral fluid and blood samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and methylenedioxyamphetamine. The comparison of GC-MS analysis of oral fluid with the Rapid Stat results for cannabis showed a sensitivity of 85%, a spec…
Impact of adolescent methamphetamine use on social cognition: A human-mice reverse translation study.
2021
Background: Methamphetamine dependence is associated with social cognition deficits that may underpin negative social outcomes. However, there are considerable inter-individual differences in social cognition within people with methamphetamine dependence, with age of onset of methamphetamine use being a potential contributing factor. Materials and methods: We conducted two sequential studies examining the link between age of onset of methamphetamine use (adolescence versus young adulthood) and performance in social cognition tests: (1) a human cross-sectional study in 95 participants with methamphetamine dependence varying in age of onset (38 with adolescent onset and 57 with adult onset) a…
Role of AMPA glutamate receptors in the conditioned rewarding effects of MDMA in mice
2018
Abstract Currently, there is not an effective treatment for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) dependence but pharmacotherapies targeting glutamate neurotransmission are a promising strategy. Previously, we showed that blockade of glutamate NMDA and AMPA receptors impairs the conditioned rewarding effects of MDMA and cocaine, respectively. In this study we evaluated the role of AMPA receptors in the rewarding effects of MDMA in mice using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Mice were conditioned with MDMA (1.25 mg/kg) 60 min after the treatment with saline or different doses (0.25, 1 and 5 mg/kg) of the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dion…
Therapeutic-like properties of a dopamine uptake inhibitor in animal models of amphetamine addiction.
2010
N-substituted benztropine (BZT) analogs are molecules that display high affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT), therapeutic-like effects in animal models of cocaine abuse, and psychopharmacological characteristics consistent with those of a substitute medication for cocaine addiction. Since amphetamine (Amph) and cocaine share mechanisms of action at the DAT, we evaluated the effectiveness of a BZT analog in animal models of Amph addiction. We tested in mice and rats the effects of the BZT derivative, 3α-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-tropane (AHN-1055), on Amph-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), locomotor activity, sensitization, self-administration and ΔFosB accumulation in th…
Stimulant-induced adaptations in neostriatal matrix and striosome systems: Transiting from instrumental responding to habitual behavior in drug addic…
2005
Abstract Converging evidence indicates that repeated exposure to motor stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine produces marked alterations in network responsiveness of striatal neurons to subsequent challenge with the same stimulant drug. Such alterations, which correlate with persistent patterns of repetitive behavior, associate with distinct compartmental changes in the neostriatum. Striatal matrix system neurons undergo “silencing” following repeated drug challenges, allowing striosome system neurons to exhibit preferential activation. Matrix neurons are innervated by sensory and motor areas of neocortex and are activated in the course of on-going, adaptive behavior. Inactivation of m…
Methamphetamine abuse and meth mouth in Europe
2014
With easy chemical synthesis from its precursor, methamphetamine (MA) is now widespread in many countries. The abuse of methamphetamine is associated with several negative effects on health, because MA is a neurotoxin and a dangerous central nervous system stimulant. It changes levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, releasing dopamine and inhibiting nor epinephrine uptake which increases sympathetic nervous system activity and can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension and tachypnea. The consequences of MA abuse are clearly manifested in oral diseases (like “meth mouth”) which is characterised by extensive caries, teeth grinding with ensuing dental wear and trismus. The present review …
Cannabidiol Treatment Might Promote Resilience to Cocaine and Methamphetamine Use Disorders: A Review of Possible Mechanisms
2019
Currently, there are no approved pharmacotherapies for addiction to cocaine and other psychostimulant drugs. Several studies have proposed that cannabidiol (CBD) could be a promising treatment for substance use disorders. In the present work, the authors describe the scarce preclinical and human research about the actions of CBD on the effects of stimulant drugs, mainly cocaine and methamphetamine (METH). Additionally, the possible mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of CBD on stimulant use disorders are reviewed. CBD has reversed toxicity and seizures induced by cocaine, behavioural sensitization induced by amphetamines, motivation to self-administer cocaine and METH, context- …